Muharram-ul-Haram Ki Shanakht Aur Islami Saal Ka Aaghaz

 Islami taqweem ka aaghaz jis mahine se hota hai usay Muharram-ul-Haram kehte hain. Ye hijri saal ka pehla mahina hai, jab k Zil-Hajj k baad saal ka ikhtitam hota hai. Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne is mahine ko "Allah ka mahina" qarar diya hai. Halankay tamam mahine Allah k hain, lekin kisi mahine ko Allah ki taraf mansub kar dena uski azeemat aur fazilat ko zahir karta hai.

Muharram K Rozon Ki Fazilat

Sayyiduna Ali Murtazaؓ riwayat karte hain k aik shakhs ne Nabi Kareem ﷺ se poocha:

"Ya Rasool Allah ﷺ! Ramadan k baad konsa mahina hai jis mein rozay rakhne ka sab se zyada ajar hai?"

To Rasool Allah ﷺ ne farmaya:

"Agar Ramadan k baad rozay rakhne ho to Muharram k rakho, kyunki ye Allah ka mahina hai." (Tirmizi)

Ashura – Aik Din, Kai Tareekhi Waqiaat

Muharram k dasveen din ko "Ashura" kehte hain. Is din Allah Ta’ala ne Bani Israel ki toba qubool ki thi, jab Hazrat Musaؑ ko aur unki qaum ko Firoun k zulm se najat mili thi. Qur’an mein bhi ishara hai k aik saal mein 12 mahine hote hain, jin mein se 4 mahine hurmat wale hain: Rajab, Zul-Qa'dah, Zul-Hajj, aur Muharram.

Jahiliyat k daur mein bhi Arab in mahino ka ehtaraam karte thy aur jangon ko rok diya karte thy.

Muharram Mein Anbiya K Waqiaat

Muharram k mahine mein kai azeem waqiaat huy, jinhein tareekhi kitaabon ne mehfooz rakha hai:

Hazrat Adamؑ ki toba qubool hui

Hazrat Noohؑ ki kashti joodi par aarak hui

Hazrat Yusufؑ ko qaid se rehai mili

Hazrat Ayyubؑ ko bimari se shifa mili

Hazrat Yunusؑ ko machhli k pait se najat mili

Hazrat Musaؑ aur Bani Israel ko Firoun se najat mili

Hazrat Isaؑ ko zinda aasmaan par uthaya gaya

Ye sab waqiaat 10 Muharram ko hi anjam paaye.

Islam K Baad Muharram Mein Ahem Waqiaat

Islam k aaghaz k baad bhi Muharram mein kuch ahem waqiaat pesh aaye:

Hazrat Aishaؓ farmati hain k log 10 Muharram ko Khana-e-Kaaba par ghilaf chadhaya karte thy

Hazrat Umar Farooqؓ ki shahadat 1 Muharram ko hui

Aur sab se aham waqia: Nawasa-e-Rasool ﷺ, Hazrat Imam Hussainؓ ki Karbalay mein shahadat 10 Muharram ko hui

Riwayat hai k Qayamat bhi isi din, Jummah ko aayegi

Ashura Ka Roza – Islami Riwaayat Mein

Ashura k rozay ka tasalsul pehle bhi tha. Pehle ye rozay farz thy, lekin Ramadan k rozon k farz hone k baad, ye rozay nafil ban gaye. Madina mein jab Rasool Allah ﷺ ne dekha k Yahoodi bhi is din ka roza rakhte hain to aap ne farmaya:

"Agar agla saal zinda raha to main 9 aur 10 Muharram dono ka roza rakhunga." (Sahih Muslim)

Ulema ne bataya hai k sirf 10 Muharram ka roza na rakha jaye, balkay 9 aur 10 ya 10 aur 11 ka roza mila kar rakha jaye.

Rozay Ki Fazilat

Nabi ﷺ ne farmaya:

 "Jo shakhs Ashura ka roza rakhe, mujhe Allah se umeed hai k uske pichle aik saal k gunaah maaf kar diye jaayenge." (Sahih Muslim)

Ulema k mutabiq ye saghira gunaah hain. Kabeera gunaah bina toba k maaf nahi hote. Aur bandon k huqooq bhi sirf haq daar ki maafi se hi maaf hote hain.

Ashura K Din Khaas Ikhlaaqi Amal

Kuch riwayaat mein aaya hai:

 "Jo shakhs Ashura k din apne ghar walon ko behtar khana de (apni haisiyat k mutabiq), Allah uske poore saal k rizq mein barkat ata farmata hai." (Mishkaat)

Aakhir mein, Muharram-ul-Haram ka mahina na sirf Islamic saal ka aaghaz hai, balkay ye tazkira hai sabr, shukr, aur qurbani ka jis ka aala misaal Hazrat Imam Hussainؓ ki qurbani hai. Ye mahina humein dars deta hai k haq k liye har qeemat chukayi ja sakti hai.